Study of Interleukin-16 in Bronchoalveolar lavage of Smokers with and without chronic bronchitis

The study included 30 subjects [10 case of healthy smokers with no chest symptoms, 10 cases of smokers with chronic bronchitis and ten healthy non smokers as control group]. The result of this study showed highly significant statistical increase in the level of IL- 16 in BAL and serum of smokers with or without chronic bronchitis compared to control group [P < 0.001, P < 0.0001 respectively] but no significant statistical difference in its level in BAL and serum of smokers with and without chronic bronchitis [P < 0.05, P > 0.05 respectively]. Also, there was no significant correlation between serum and BAL IL- 16 level in non smokers and smokers without chronic bronchitis [P< 0.05] but there was a significant correlation between them in smokers with chronic bronchitis [P< 0.05]. We concluded that, BAL and serum IL- 16 levels are significantly higher in smokers, [even if they are asymptomatic] than in non smokers, this fact must make us to focus on the danger of smoking in the community

effect of isokinetic training for management of children with pleural diseases

Twenty-two children were included in this study having pleural effusion mostly consequential to pneumonic affection and managed medically. They were subdivided into two groups: An experimental group including 12 children with mean age of 10.4 +/- 1.5 years, who received medical treatment and physical therapy and a control group comprising ten children with a mean age of 10.2 +/- 1.7 years, who received medical management only. For both groups, initial ventilatory function assessment was done before the start of treatment in the form of forced vital capacity [FVC] ml, forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV] ml, maximum voluntary ventilation [MVV] l/min. And peak expiratory flow rate [PEFR] l/min. The experimental group received physical therapy isokinetic training using low pulley, vertical chest/reverse fly and chest press/sated raw machines. This program was carried out for three times/week for six weeks, after which the same parameters of ventilatory functions were done. The results showed non significant changes in the control group after medical treatment and a significant improvement in the experimental group who received physical therapy. It can he concluded that physical therapy is safe and effective modality in the management of such cases